Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a multifactorial arrhythmia in which epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has emerged as a key contributor to atrial structural, electrical, and functional remodeling. Left atrial epicardial adipose tissue (LA-EAT), through endocrine, paracrine, and mechanical mechanisms, promotes inflammation, fibrosis, and atrial dyssynchrony. Early identification of atrial…